Knowing the components of economic education provides the dynamic background of education in this field. The aim of the current research is to investigate the indicators and components of the economic education curriculum. The approach of the current research is qualitative and its method is research synthesis. The research community is all the articles (211 articles) that have been presented from 1390 to 1401 AD and from 2010 to 2022 AD regarding economic education in curricula. The sample of the research is 32 articles, which were selected based on thematic monitoring, theoretical data saturation, and purposefully. The research data were collected from the qualitative analysis of the studied articles. By analyzing the data, the dimensions of vitality in the curriculum of the elementary school in 4 factors and 55 categories including the dimension of individual factors (including indicators and components related to personality characteristics); The dimension of culture and economic ethics (economic fields in the society); The dimension of economic concepts and knowledge (indices in economic education) and the dimension of collective and communication concepts (communication and interaction indicators in education) were classified. Economic education is dependent on internal and external components in educational systems, which requires macro-planning in this field.

A B S T R A C T Green city is one of the approaches to sustainable development. “green city” is an environmentally friendly city compatible with the concept of sustainable development and can be used for the welfare and security of its inhabitants. Based on the concept of a “green city,” urban managers try to have the least destructive effect on the ecosystems upon which cities rely. Green city is one of the sustainable development approaches that reduce the environmental footprint of cities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the situation of Mashhad metropolis in terms of the objective characteristics of the green city. In this study, 14 indicators of electricity consumption per capita, green space per capita, population density, water availability, sewage availability, superior public transportation network, urban mass transportation, traffic reduction, annual production waste per capita, carbon monoxide, concentration nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide concentration, particulate matter concentration, and air quality were exerted. To determine the importance of research indicators, the Shannon entropy method, and the status of Mashhad city areas in terms of green city indicators, the VIKOR multi-criteria decision-making method has been applied. The results showed that most areas of Mashhad are average and below average in terms of green city characteristics, and only District 9 is in very good condition (0.636). Also, based on the results of this part of the research, District 5, with the value of VIKOR index of 0.969, is in the last rank in terms of objective characteristics of the green city Extended Abstract Introduction Green city is one of the approaches to sustainable development. A “Green city” is an environmentally friendly city compatible with the concept of sustainable development and can be used for the welfare and security of its inhabitants. Based on the concept of a “green city,” urban managers try to have the least destructive effect on the ecosystems upon which cities rely. Green cities constantly try to manage their environmental effects by reducing waste, increasing recycling, reducing air pollution, increasing population density, developing open urban spaces, and encouraging the development of sustainable local businesses. Green cities were first used to evaluate 30 European cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) in 2009 with the financial support of Siemens and the aim of reducing the environmental effects of human activities in cities. In that study, eight indices of carbon dioxide, energy, construction, transportation, water, recycling and land use, air quality, and environmental governance were used. Later, the Economist Intelligence Unit, with the financial support of Siemens, evaluated the status of the green city index in 17 Latin American cities, 15 African cities, 22 major Asian cities, and 27 cities in United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. In recent years, even some Western Islamic scholars have, in various publications, shown that Islam is an ecological religion. In Iran, the issue of protecting the environment has not received much attention regardless of its rich cultural and religious background and its confirmation in Article 50 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Mashhad is the second metropolis of Iran, located in North-East of Iran, and is one of the counties of Khorasan Razavi Province. According to the 2016 Iranian Population and Housing Census, its population was 3057679 people (The Vice-Presidency of Planning and Development of Mashhad Municipality). In Mashhad, due to several reasons including the presence of Imam Reza Shrine (PBUH) and arrival of millions of pilgrims per year, population growth, increased garbage production (production of 896534 tons of garbage in 2016 (The Vice-Presidency of Planning and Development of Mashhad Municipality), air pollution (increased number of unhealthy days from 46 days per year in 2015 to 88 days in 2016 for sensitive groups and 4 days of unhealthy air for all groups in 2016 (Center for Monitoring Environmental Pollutants of Mashhad Municipality) the 2025 vision of the city has paid attention to the environment in the form of five general objectives; however, just like the national level, no specific pattern for environmentally-compatible urban development, such as green city, is determined. Analysis of the green city index in Mashhad metropolis can considerably contribute to urban managers and planners in addition to providing a pattern for evaluating the present situation in other cities of Iran and improving the quality of life regardless of the current status of the urban environment in Iranian cities; we can preserve these environments as parts of the natural environment for future generations.   Methodology In terms of its goal, the present study is an applied one; in the study, drawing upon other studies and library sources and considering the conditions of Iran and the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of green city, 14 quantitative indices were exerted. To this end, the required data for the quantitative indices was gathered by library research from the relevant institutions. Next, the weights of quantitative indices were determined using Shannon's entropy. Then, using the VIKOR method of multi-criteria decision-making, the status of various districts of the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of quantitative indices of green city was determined. Finally, the map of the spatial distribution of quantitative indices was drawn using the ARC GIS software package.   Results and discussion In this study, to analyze the status of the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of green city features, 14 quantitative indices were used. Considering the value of the VIKOR index ranges from 0 to 1, various districts of Mashhad can be classified into five categories; very satisfactory, satisfactory, average, unsatisfactory, and very unsatisfactory in terms of quantitative indices of green city. The results of the current situation of Mashhad showed that in terms of objective indicators of the green city, District 9 of Mashhad metropolis with a value of VIKOR index of 0.056 is in first place, and the seventh region with a value of VIKOR index of 0.433 is in second place. Also, based on the results of this part of the research, District 5, with the value of VIKOR index of 0.969, is in the last rank in terms of objective characteristics of the green city.   Conclusion Similarly, the results of studies by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017) on Tehran metropolis are indicative of the unsatisfactory situation of Tehran (the biggest metropolis of Iran) in terms of green city features. Comparing the results of the studies by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017) with the present study on Mashhad (the second biggest metropolis of Iran) reveals the necessity for a comprehensive plan toward achieving green cities. It should be mentioned that, due to the specific conditions of Mashhad metropolis and availability or unavailability of the required data, the indices used in the present study are somewhat different from the ones used by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017).   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.     Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific

Purpose: In the contemporary landscape, managers encounter intricate challenges in optimization problems that necessitate consideration of multiple conflicting criteria. This paper explores and delineates the characteristics of interval applications in multi-criteria decision-making models.Methodology: Initially, the attributes of interval applications are introduced and scrutinized. Subsequently, the interval-based Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) decision-making method is presented, wherein criteria are represented as intervals rather than single values. This approach enables managers to make more comprehensive decisions by accounting for a spectrum of possible values for each criterion.Findings: Ultimately, examples of solved interval-based multi-criteria decision-making models are provided to illustrate the practical application of these methods. It is noteworthy that this paper does not employ fuzzy numbers for the criteria, but rather considers the interval [a, b].Originality/Value: This methodology aids managers in conducting more precise analyses and evaluations of various options, thereby facilitating better decision-making in the face of uncertainties and environmental fluctuations.

improving psychological and skill indicators to improve sports performance is of particular importance. This research aims to investigate the effect of intensity interval training on mental toughness, resilience and selected skill indicators young girls kickboxing work done. In this semi-experimental research, which was carried out as a pre-test-post-test with a control group, 30 elite kickboxers from Lahijan city with an age range of 15 to 20 years were selected using a purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups. (15 people) and control (15 people) were divided. The intensity interval training program was implemented for 8 weeks, three sessions per week with an intensity of more than 85% of the heart rate. Pre-test and post-test indicators of mental toughness and resilience and skills in both groups were estimated by using questionnaires of mental toughness in sports (Sheard et al., 2009) and resilience (Connor and Davidson, 2003) and a researcher-made skill form. became. The data were analyzed using SPSS24 analysis of covariance tests. The results of the research showed that the intensity interval training protocol had a significant effect on the indices of mental toughness (p=0.003), endurance (p=0.001) and skill (p=0.001) in young kickboxing girls. This study showed that intensity interval training can be used to improve and strengthen psychological indicators of mental toughness and resilience and selected skill indicators of athletes.

The purpose of this article is to propose a technique for agility evaluation and ranking production units using verbal variables set and if-then rules. First, organization’s agility level has been evaluated by Fuzzy Agility Index (FAI), and then, production units of the organization have been ranked by Interval Fuzzy ELECTRE technique. By the use of this technique, all of the alternatives have been evaluated based on non-rating comparisons and those of ineffective have been removed. In the next stage, a four dimensional matrix has been proposed as a facilitating tool for decision making process and achievement of managers’ goals. In fact, appropriate strategies have been determined for planning and decision making, according to available conditions and ideal situations.

One of the most important causes of patellofemoral pain syndrome is malfunction of quadriceps muscle, especially vastus medialis muscle weakness.Twenty seven normal healthy subjects (21.4±3.4 years) and 17 patients with patellofemoral pain (24.1±3.6 years) were included in this study. Recruitment Internal(RI) of the patients and normal subjects were recorded by 4 using a coaxial needle electrode in vastus medialis during voluntary contraction.The effects of ten sessions of closed chain quadriceps exercise were evaluated on the control group and patients by methods of RI recording. Following exercise program there was significant decrease of mean value of RI in Vastus medialis muscle (P<0. 0001). RI recording method could be used for assessing the weakness of Vastus medialis muscle.

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of some hematologic indices to 6-week high-intensity interval training along with intake of omega-3 supplements in sedentary male students. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 32 non-athlete male students from Sistan and Baluchestan University, were randomly divided into 4 equal groups of 8 people each, control, supplement, training, and training+supplement. The omega-3 group received a dose of 2 grams of omega-3 per day. The training group was subjected to high-intensity interval training. Training+omega-3 group has also undergone the same training program with a combination of omega-3 supplementation. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA statistical method at a significant level of p≤ 0. 05. Results: The findings of this study showed that after 6 weeks, some of the hematological indices including red blood cells and hemoglobin in training + omega-3, training, and omega3 groups increased significantly as compared to pre-test values (p≤ 0. 05). In addition, hematocrit percentage and white blood cells showed a significant decrease (p≤ 0. 05) in training + omega-3, and training and omega-3 groups compared to the pre test group. While plasma volume changes were constant, there was no significant difference for between groups' comparisons in all biochemical indices (p≥ 0. 05). Conclusion: Regarding the findings of the present study, high-intensity interval training combined with omega-3 supplementation causes more significant changes compared to the training or supplement alone on hematologic parameters in sedentary male students.

Purpose: Goalball is a sport for visually impaired athletes and can affect physiological indicators. Therefore, the present study compared and investigated the effects of eight weeks of moderate and high-intensity interval training on the physiological indicators of goalball players. Methods: 24 male goalball players in a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design randomly divided into three groups, including control, high-intensity interval training (intermittent running for 30 seconds with an intensity of 100-200% of the heart rate reserve (HRR), 30 seconds of active recovery at a speed of 50% HRR), and moderate-intensity interval training (including 25 minutes with an intensity of 40-50% HRR and the last four weeks 30 to 35 minutes with an intensity of 60-65% HRR). The data were analyzed using the repeated measure kruskal wallis tests at the significance level of p<0. 05. Results: The results showed that both exercises had a significant effect on the concentration of lactate (p < 0. 001, η2=0. 847), TNFα (p < 0. 001, η2=0. 659), malondialdehyde (p < 0. 001, η2=0. 809) and superoxide dismutase (p < 0. 001, η2=0. 799). Also, compared to moderate-intensity exercises, high-intensity exercises caused a significant decrease in the concentration of lactate (p<0. 001), TNFα (p<0. 001), malondialdehyde (p<0. 001), and an increase in superoxide dismutase (p<0. 001). Conclusion: High-intensity interval training has a greater effect on the concentration of lactate, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and TNFα than moderate-intensity training. Therefore, it is recommended to trainers to use high-intensity interval training to improve physiological performance and reduce fatigue and muscle damage.